Tren Prevalensi dan Beban Disabilitas (DALY) Skizofrenia di Indonesia Sebelum dan Pasca Pandemi COVID-19

Analisis Data Global Burden of Disease 2020–2023

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a severe chronic mental disorder that contributes substantially to the overall disability burden at the population level. This study aimed to analyze trends in the prevalence and disability burden of schizophrenia in Indonesia before and after the COVID-19 pandemic using Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) as the main indicator. This research employed a quantitative observational design with an analytic descriptive approach, utilizing secondary data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database for the period 2020–2023. The analysis included age-standardized estimates of schizophrenia prevalence and DALYs across 34 provinces in Indonesia. Statistical analyses consisted of descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation tests, and paired samples t-tests to assess year-to-year differences. The results demonstrated a small but consistent and statistically significant increase in schizophrenia prevalence throughout the study period. A parallel and significant increase in DALYs was also observed. A very strong correlation between prevalence and DALYs was found across all years, indicating that increases in prevalence were closely associated with higher disability burden. Significant differences in both prevalence and DALYs were identified between the pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic periods, suggesting a sustained impact of the pandemic on schizophrenia burden. In conclusion, schizophrenia remains a persistent public mental health challenge in Indonesia, with an increasing disability burden over time. These findings highlight the need for strengthened mental health policies, improved access to continuous treatment, and expanded psychosocial rehabilitation services to mitigate long-term disability associated with schizophrenia.