Prevalensi Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Akibat Infeksi Menular Seksual (Non-HIV) pada Perempuan Indonesia

Studi Berbasis GBD 2023

Abstract

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an inflammatory syndrome of the female upper genital tract that is primarily caused by non-HIV sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and may lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain if not adequately treated. Epidemiological data on PID at the population level in Indonesia remain very limited. This study aimed to describe the prevalence trend of PID caused by non-HIV STIs among females of all ages in Indonesia during the 2021–2023 period using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023. This descriptive study used secondary data downloaded from the GBD Results Tool (Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation/IHME). The analyzed measure was the prevalence rate (per 100,000 population) among females of all ages in Indonesia, with non-HIV STIs as the cause and PID as the outcome, for the years 2021, 2022, and 2023, accompanied by 95% uncertainty intervals (UI). The prevalence rate of PID caused by non-HIV STIs among Indonesian females was recorded at 7.05 (95% UI 5.40–9.23) per 100,000 population in 2021, remained relatively stable at 7.04 (95% UI 5.35–9.25) per 100,000 in 2022, and then increased to 8.16 (95% UI 5.77–11.13) per 100,000 in 2023—equivalent to an increase of approximately 15.8% compared to the previous year. In conclusion, there was a tendency toward an increasing prevalence of PID caused by non-HIV STIs among Indonesian females in 2023, although the uncertainty intervals of the estimates remained relatively wide, requiring cautious interpretation. These findings indicate the importance of strengthening STI screening and management in primary healthcare facilities (PHCs) as an effort to prevent PID.