Perbedaan Mikrobiota Usus pada Penderita Gangguan Kecemasan Umum dan Individu Sehat: Tinjauan Naratif
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57213/medlab.v1i1.543Keywords:
Dysbiosis; Generalized Anxiety Disorder; Gut-Brain Axis; Gut Microbiota; PsychobioticsAbstract
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a mental disorder characterized by excessive and persistent anxiety that impacts an individual's psychological and physiological functioning. In recent years, research has shown a link between gut microbiota and mental health through the gut-brain axis mechanism, a two-way communication system between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system involving neural, immune, endocrine, and microbial metabolite pathways. An imbalance in gut microbiota composition, or dysbiosis, is thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of GAD through altered neurotransmitter production, activation of inflammatory responses, and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. This study aims to examine changes in gut microbiota in individuals with GAD compared to healthy populations and to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying this relationship. The method used was a narrative review, with a literature search in several international scientific databases using relevant keywords related to gut microbiota, gut-brain axis, and generalized anxiety disorder. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed descriptively to identify patterns in research findings. The study results showed that individuals with GAD experienced changes in microbiota composition characterized by an increase in pro-inflammatory bacteria and a decrease in commensal bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids, accompanied by a decrease in microbiota diversity and changes in metabolites related to neurotransmitters and stress hormones. These findings support the role of gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of GAD and suggest the potential for microbiota-modulating therapeutic approaches, such as probiotics or psychobiotics, as additional strategies in the management of anxiety disorders.
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