Resistensi Antimikroba di Layanan Kesehatan: Tinjau Literatur Tentang Dampak dan Strategi Pengendalian

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to healthcare services as it contributes to increasing morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. AMR occurs when microorganisms develop defense mechanisms that render them no longer susceptible to antimicrobial agents. Globally, AMR has been linked to millions of deaths each year. In Indonesia, irrational use of antibiotics, weak regulation of distribution, and low public awareness are the main contributing factors to the rise in AMR cases. Public education programs, such as antimicrobial resistance awareness campaigns using the One Health approach, have proven effective in improving understanding of resistance risks. Control strategies also include monitoring the distribution of antibiotics by regulatory authorities, implementation of the WHO AWaRe classification, and strengthening antimicrobial stewardship. Evidence shows that the success of these programs largely depends on regulation, laboratory capacity, healthcare workers’ commitment, and continuous education. Increasing collaboration between the health sector, government, and the public, as well as implementing stricter policies, is expected to help combat the spread of AMR, reduce related mortality rates, and mitigate the long-term economic impact caused by antimicrobial resistance.