Bahan Kimia Obat dalam Jamu Tradisional: Tinjauan Risiko Klinis dan Deteksi Laboratorium
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57213/medlab.v5i1.369Keywords:
Analysis Method, BKO, Clinical Risk, Herbal Product Monitoring, Traditional Herbal MedicineAbstract
Traditional herbal medicine (jamu) is widely regarded as a safe natural remedy. However, numerous studies have revealed the illegal addition of pharmaceutical substances (BKO) to enhance its therapeutic effects, posing significant health risks. This article aims to review the types of BKO commonly found in traditional jamu, their associated clinical risks, and the laboratory detection methods used for identification. A literature review was conducted on studies published between 2020–2024, focusing on BKO findings in jamu products from various regions in Indonesia and abroad. Data were analyzed based on BKO types, clinical effects, and detection techniques. Various BKO such as paracetamol, mefenamic acid, diclofenac, prednisolone, dexamethasone, sibutramine, and metabolic drugs were found in herbal products. These compounds carry risks of hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hormonal disorders, and other systemic effects. Methods such as LC-MS, HPLC, TLC, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, FTIR, and CFI-MS have been reported to be effective in identifying these compounds. The adulteration of jamu with BKO is a harmful practice. Strengthening regulation, laboratory surveillance, and public education are essential to protect consumers from unsafe herbal products.
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