Metode Analitik untuk Biomonitoring Logam Berat pada Sampel Biologis Manusia: Tinjauan Literatur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57213/medlab.v5i2.614Keywords:
Heavy Metals, Low-Carbohydrate Diet, analytical methodsAbstract
Heavy metal exposure in humans remains an important issue in environmental health, occupational health, and human toxicology. Biomonitoring using biological samples is needed to describe internal exposure to heavy metals that enter and are distributed in the human body. This literature review aims to discuss analytical methods used in heavy metal biomonitoring in human biological samples, the types of samples used, the metals analyzed, and the research gaps identified in previous studies. This study used a literature review method with a descriptive qualitative approach. The reviewed literature consisted of national and international journals published from 2020 to 2026 that discussed heavy metal analysis in human biological samples. The results showed that blood, urine, hair, nails, and serum are commonly used biological samples in biomonitoring. International studies more frequently use highly sensitive multi-element methods, such as ICP-MS, ICP-MS KED, ICP-DRC-MS, and ICP-OES. Meanwhile, national studies are still dominated by the use of SSA/AAS for single-element analysis, especially Pb. Studies on Cd and Hg have begun to develop, but research on As, Cr, Ni, Mn, and multi-metal exposure remains limited. Method validation, standardized sample preparation, and the expansion of multi-metal analysis are important aspects that need to be strengthened in the development of heavy metal biomonitoring in humans.
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