Rhinophyma (Potato Nose): Tinjauan Literatur Mengenai Epidemiologi, Patogenesis, Manifestasi Klinis, Diagnosis, dan Penatalaksanaan

Abstract

Rhinophyma (potato nose) is an advanced manifestation of phymatous rosacea characterized by sebaceous gland hypertrophy, connective tissue hyperplasia, and dermal fibrosis, resulting in progressive nasal deformity. This condition may impair respiratory function, facial aesthetics, and patients' quality of life. This article aimed to review the current scientific evidence regarding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of rhinophyma. A descriptive literature review was conducted by searching articles in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using the keywords rhinophyma, potato nose, phymatous rosacea, diagnosis, and treatment. Literature published between 2020-2025 that met the inclusion criteria was analyzed narratively. The review found that rhinophyma predominantly affects men aged 40–70 years as a late manifestation of chronic rosacea. Its pathogenesis involves chronic inflammation, sebaceous gland hyperplasia, fibroblast proliferation, and dermal fibrosis. Diagnosis is primarily established through clinical history and physical examination, while biopsy is recommended when malignancy is suspected. Current evidence indicates that carbon dioxide (CO2) laser therapy provides favorable cosmetic and functional outcomes with relatively low complication and recurrence rates. Therefore, early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential to prevent permanent nasal deformity and improve patients' quality of life.