Jurnal Medical Laboratory

Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh dan Usia dengan Lama Waktu Pulih Sadar Pasien Pasca General Anestesi di RSUD Pandega Pangandaran

2026-10-02T02:38:45+00:00

Time to recover consciousness after general anesthesia is an indicator of anesthesia success which is influenced by various factors, including Body Mass Index (BMI) and age. High BMI can slow down the elimination of anesthesia drugs, while old age is associated with a decrease in the body's metabolic function which can affect the process of regaining consciousness. This study aims to determine the relationship between BMI and age and the recovery time of patients after general anesthesia at Pandega Pangandaran Hospital. This study used a quantitative method with an observational analytical design on 78 respondents. Data were collected through observation sheets and analyzed using the Spearman test. The results of the study showed that most of the respondents experienced a fast recovery time (≤15 minutes), which was 64 respondents (82.1%). There was a significant relationship between age and the time of conscious recovery (ρ-value <0.001; cc = 0.503), while BMI did not show a significant relationship with the time of conscious recovery (ρ-value = 0.275; cc = -0.125). The conclusion of this study showed that age was related to the time of conscious recovery of patients after general anesthesia, whereas BMI did not show a relationship in this study. The results of this study can be considered for anesthesiologists in monitoring and planning post-anesthesia care, especially by paying attention to the patient's age factor as one of the factors related to the speed of consciousness recovery.

Gambaran Lama Waktu Pulih Sadar Pasca General Anestesi di Recovery Room pada Pasien Dewasa di RS TK III 04.06.01 Wijayakusuma Purwokerto

2026-09-24T21:00:01+00:00

Background: General anesthesia induces a reversible loss of consciousness, requiring patients to be monitored in the recovery room until adequate recovery is achieved. Recovery time is commonly assessed using the Aldrete Score to ensure that patients have regained stable physiological function and are safe for transfer to the inpatient ward. Several factors, including age, physical status, and physiological condition, may influence recovery following general anesthesia. Objective: To describe the recovery time after general anesthesia in the recovery room among adult patients at TK III 04.06.01 Wijayakusuma Hospital. Methods: This study employed a quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 54 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation using the Aldrete Score assessment every five minutes for 20 minutes. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and presented as frequency and percentage distributions. Results: The findings showed that 33 respondents (61.1%) achieved rapid recovery of consciousness within 15 minutes, while 21 respondents (38.9%) required more than 15 minutes. Most respondents were early adults aged 18–30 years (38.9%), female (61.1%), and classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status I (72.2%). The mean Aldrete Score increased progressively from 4.56 at minute 0 to 9.22 at minute 20, indicating gradual improvement in patients' physiological recovery during the observation period. Conclusion: Most adult patients who underwent general anesthesia at TK III 04.06.01 Wijayakusuma Hospital experienced rapid recovery of consciousness within 15 minutes. These findings indicate that the majority of patients achieved adequate physiological recovery and fulfilled the criteria for safe discharge from the recovery room based on the Aldrete Score.

Metode Analitik untuk Biomonitoring Logam Berat pada Sampel Biologis Manusia: Tinjauan Literatur

2026-08-31T08:00:39+00:00

Heavy metal exposure in humans remains an important issue in environmental health, occupational health, and human toxicology. Biomonitoring using biological samples is needed to describe internal exposure to heavy metals that enter and are distributed in the human body. This literature review aims to discuss analytical methods used in heavy metal biomonitoring in human biological samples, the types of samples used, the metals analyzed, and the research gaps identified in previous studies. This study used a literature review method with a descriptive qualitative approach. The reviewed literature consisted of national and international journals published from 2020 to 2026 that discussed heavy metal analysis in human biological samples. The results showed that blood, urine, hair, nails, and serum are commonly used biological samples in biomonitoring. International studies more frequently use highly sensitive multi-element methods, such as ICP-MS, ICP-MS KED, ICP-DRC-MS, and ICP-OES. Meanwhile, national studies are still dominated by the use of SSA/AAS for single-element analysis, especially Pb. Studies on Cd and Hg have begun to develop, but research on As, Cr, Ni, Mn, and multi-metal exposure remains limited. Method validation, standardized sample preparation, and the expansion of multi-metal analysis are important aspects that need to be strengthened in the development of heavy metal biomonitoring in humans.

Peran Asupan Karbohidrat terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus: Literature Review

2026-08-19T04:53:21+00:00

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels resulting from impaired insulin production, reduced insulin sensitivity, or a combination of both. Managing diabetes mellitus relies not only on pharmacological therapy but also requires standardized nutritional therapy particularly the regulation of carbohydrate intake as a core component of disease management. Carbohydrates are the primary energy source with the greatest impact on post-consumption blood glucose levels, as they are digested into glucose and absorbed into the bloodstream. Consequently, the quantity, type, and distribution of carbohydrate intake are critical factors in glycemic control. This study aims to analyze research findings regarding the role of carbohydrate intake in blood glucose levels among individuals with diabetes mellitus and to identify factors influencing this relationship. A literature review method was employed, examining scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025 in Indonesian or English sourced from PubMed, Google Scholar, Garuda, and SINTA databases that addressed the relationship between carbohydrate intake and blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. A selection process based on inclusion and exclusion criteria was conducted, followed by a narrative synthesis of the eligible studies. The findings indicate a link between carbohydrate intake and blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus, wherein the quantity, type, quality, and distribution patterns of carbohydrate consumption influence the glycemic response. Alongside pharmacological therapy, appropriate nutritional management including the adoption of a low-carbohydrate diet as a short-term therapeutic measure plays a vital role in helping to control blood glucose levels.

Peran Rasio Granulosit-Limfosit sebagai Prediktor Lama Rawat Inap pada Pasien Anak Demam Berdarah Dengue di RSUD H. Abdul Manap Kota Jambi Tahun 2021–2024

2026-08-04T09:07:46+00:00

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still a public health problem with a high incidence rate. Granulocyte lymphocyte ratio (RGL) is an easily acquired inflammatory biomarker and has the potential to be used to describe clinical conditions and length of hospitalization in pediatric patients with dengue. This study aims to analyze the relationship between RGL and the length of hospitalization in pediatric patients at H. Abdul Manap Hospital, Jambi City. The research design used observational analytics with a cross-sectional approach. Data was obtained from the medical records of pediatric patients diagnosed with dengue for the 2021–2024 period, with sample selection through purposive sampling techniques. The variables studied included RGL, length of hospitalization, and severity of dengue fever. The results showed that RGL underwent changes throughout the course of the disease and reflected the dynamics of the inflammatory response. The value of RGL in the initial phase is more representative in describing the clinical condition than in the later phase. The length of the stay is not only influenced by the degree of severity, but also by other clinical factors such as the time of the patient's arrival, response to therapy, comorbidities, and additional clinical conditions. Thus, RGL has the potential as a supporting biomarker in the clinical evaluation of pediatric patients with dengue, but its use needs to be combined with clinical examination and other laboratory parameters for a comprehensive assessment of the prognosis.

Hubungan Frekuensi Konsumsi Protein Hewani terhadap Status KEK (Kurang Energi Kronis)

2026-07-31T05:21:03+00:00

Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) among pregnant women remains a major nutritional problem that adversely affects maternal and fetal health. Low frequency of animal protein consumption is considered one of the contributing factors because it may lead to inadequate protein intake during pregnancy. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the frequency of animal protein consumption and CED status among pregnant women based on published research findings. A descriptive literature review was conducted by searching articles in Google Scholar using keywords related to animal protein, protein intake, chronic energy deficiency, and pregnant women. Articles published between 2020 and 2025, written in Indonesian, and employing clear research methods were included in the review. The findings indicated that most studies reported a significant association between inadequate protein intake, including animal protein, and an increased risk of Chronic Energy Deficiency among pregnant women. In addition to protein intake, energy intake, dietary patterns, nutritional knowledge, maternal age, and socioeconomic status were also identified as contributing factors. Therefore, increasing the frequency of animal protein consumption according to nutritional requirements during pregnancy may contribute to the prevention of Chronic Energy Deficiency and improve maternal nutritional status.

Pengaruh Pijat Bayi terhadap Peningkatan Berat Badan Bayi Usia 4-6 Bulan di TPMB Sitti Hamsiar Hanafi, S.ST Kota Bau-Bau

2026-07-29T06:20:58+00:00

Infant massage is a non-pharmacological stimulation that may promote infant growth by improving digestive function and nutrient absorption. This study aimed to analyze the effect of infant massage on weight gain among infants aged 4–6 months at TPMB Sitti Hamsiar Hanafi, S.ST, Baubau City. This study employed a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. A total of 30 infants were selected using the total sampling technique. The intervention consisted of infant massage administered once a week for four consecutive weeks by a trained midwife following standard operating procedures. Infant body weight was measured before and after the intervention using a calibrated infant scale. Data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially. The Shapiro–Wilk normality test indicated that one of the datasets was not normally distributed; therefore, hypothesis testing was performed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results showed that the mean body weight increased from 4.77 ± 0.59 kg before the intervention to 5.77 ± 0.71 kg after the intervention, with an average increase of 1.00 kg. The Wilcoxon test yielded Z = -4.806 and p = 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a statistically significant effect of infant massage on infant weight gain. It can be concluded that infant massage is a safe and effective non-pharmacological intervention to support weight gain and growth in infants aged 4–6 months.

Penatalaksanaan Fisioterapi Kasus Post ACL Reconstruction dan Meniscus Repair Fase II pada Atlet Basket di Ibest Physio Solobaru

2026-07-30T09:04:49+00:00

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries accompanied by meniscal tears often require Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR) and meniscus repair. Postoperative conditions commonly involve pain, edema, limited range of motion (ROM), decreased patellar mobility, muscle weakness, and gait disturbances, requiring appropriate physiotherapy management. This study aimed to determine the outcomes of physiotherapy intervention in a patient following ACL reconstruction with meniscus repair. A descriptive case study was conducted on one patient receiving physiotherapy interventions, including Neuromuscular Electrical Muscle Stimulation (NMES), soft tissue release, cryotherapy, patellar mobilization, strengthening exercises, closed kinetic chain exercises, balance training, and proprioceptive exercises. Evaluation was performed at three stages (T0–T2) using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), edema assessment, goniometric ROM measurement, patellar mobility assessment, Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), and gait observation. The results showed a reduction in tenderness pain from 2 to 1 and movement pain from 4 to 3, decreased edema, improved active ROM from 0–0–110° to 0–0–118° and passive ROM from 0–0–115° to 0–0–123°, enhanced patellar mobility, increased hamstring strength from 4/5 to 4+/5, and improved gait stability with more symmetrical weight distribution. In conclusion, the physiotherapy program effectively reduced symptoms and improved knee function after ACL reconstruction with meniscus repair. Continued rehabilitation is recommended to achieve optimal recovery and safe return to activity.

Efektivitas Edukasi Literasi Digital Berbasis Gerakan "Sehari Tanpa Gawai" terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Siswa Sekolah Dasar

2026-07-28T10:59:26+00:00

Excessive device usage among primary school children has triggered technology addiction and sedentary lifestyles. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of digital literacy education based on the "Sehari Tanpa Gawai" campaign on improving students' knowledge. A quasi-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted at SDN Tanjungsari, Magetan, involving thirty-six students from the 4th, 5th, and 6th grades. Data were gathered using a validated 15-item questionnaire before and after a 60-minute visual education session and psychological contract commitment. The outcomes revealed a substantial shift in children's cognitive outcomes. Prior to the intervention, 50.0% of students achieved a moderate knowledge level, 27.8% were good, and 22.2% were poor. Following the intervention, the proportion of students with good knowledge escalated dramatically to 77.8%, while moderate and poor categories decreased to 16.7% and 5.5%, respectively. These findings confirm that combining visual presentation with behavioral contracts successfully reconstructs short-term cognitive understanding. Practically, schools should institutionalize this campaign into regular co-curricular activities to support digital wellbeing.

Pengaruh Edukasi Gizi "Isi Piringku" terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan Ibu Balita dalam Pencegahan Stunting di Desa Wates Magetan

2026-07-28T10:59:27+00:00

Stunting remains a critical nutritional issue in Indonesia, largely driven by poor maternal nutritional literacy and inappropriate child-feeding practices in rural areas. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of "Isi Piringku" nutritional education on improving mothers' knowledge regarding stunting prevention. A quasi-experimental approach with a one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted in Wates Village, Panekan District, Magetan Regency. Total sampling was employed to recruit twenty mothers of toddlers aged 12–59 months as respondents. Data were collected using a validated 15-item multiple-choice questionnaire before and after a 60-minute visual-based educational session. The descriptive analysis revealed a substantial shift in maternal cognitive outcomes. Prior to the intervention, only 35% of respondents achieved a good knowledge level, while 45% were categorized as moderate, and 20% were poor. Following the intervention, the proportion of mothers with good knowledge escalated dramatically to 75%, while moderate and poor categories decreased to 20% and 5%, respectively. These findings confirm that structural visual education is highly effective in restructuring short-term maternal cognitive understanding of child portion sizes. Practically, this study implies that local health authorities should replicate this visual-based program through active posyandu networks to foster sustainable behavioral changes in household nutritional care.

Profil Kromatografi dan Uji Kemurnian Isolat Metabolit Sekunder Kulit Batang Lannea coromandelica (Kayu Jawa)

2026-07-28T10:59:21+00:00

Indonesia has abundant biological resources with potential for development as traditional medicine. One plant used by the people of South Sulawesi is Kayu Jawa (Lannea coromandelica), which is empirically used to treat burns, and as an analgesic, anti-ulcer, and antibacterial agent. This study aimed to perform the separation and isolation of secondary metabolite compounds from Kayu Jawa bark to determine the chemical profile and purity level of the isolates obtained. The thick extract was fractionated using the liquid-liquid fractionation (SCC) method, followed by analytical TLC, column chromatography, preparative TLC (PTLC), purity testing using two-dimensional TLC (2D-TLC), and determination of total flavonoid content using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The fractionation results showed a yield of 16% for the n-hexane fraction and 4% for the ethyl acetate fraction. Column chromatography successfully separated the components based on their polarity, and the 2D-TLC results showed a single, compact spot under UV 254 nm and UV 366 nm illumination. The stem bark of Kayu Jawa (Lannea coromandelica) proved to be a potential source of secondary metabolites (alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids), 2D-TLC testing confirmed that the isolate obtained had a good level of purity, and the total flavonoid content obtained was 17.648 mg QE/g or 1764.8%.

Analisis Beban Kecelakaan Sepeda Motor di Pulau Jawa

2026-07-30T04:43:32+00:00

Motorcycle-related Road injuries remain one of the leading causes of morbidity, mortality, and disability among the productive-age population in Indonesia, particularly on Java Island. This study aimed to analyze the burden of motorcycle-related injuries using the indicators of incidence, mortality, and Years Lived with Disability (YLD) among individuals aged 10–49 years across six provinces on Java Island in 2023. A descriptive ecological study design was employed using secondary data obtained from the 2023 Global Burden of disease (GBD) database managed by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Descriptive analyses were conducted on age- and province-specific incidence, mortality, and YLD rates per 100,000 population. The findings revealed substantial interprovincial variations in the burden of motorcycle injuries. The Special Region of Yogyakarta recorded the highest Incidence and YLD rates, whereas West Java and East Java exhibited relatively higher mortality rates in specific age groups. Individuals aged 15–24 years experienced the highest Incidence and mortality, while YLD increased progressively with age, peaking among those aged 45–49 years. These findings highlight the need for age-specific road safety strategies, emphasizing primary prevention for younger riders and strengthened rehabilitation services to reduce long-term disability among the productive-age population.

Rhinophyma (Potato Nose): Tinjauan Literatur Mengenai Epidemiologi, Patogenesis, Manifestasi Klinis, Diagnosis, dan Penatalaksanaan

2026-07-28T10:59:09+00:00

Rhinophyma (potato nose) is an advanced manifestation of phymatous rosacea characterized by sebaceous gland hypertrophy, connective tissue hyperplasia, and dermal fibrosis, resulting in progressive nasal deformity. This condition may impair respiratory function, facial aesthetics, and patients' quality of life. This article aimed to review the current scientific evidence regarding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of rhinophyma. A descriptive literature review was conducted by searching articles in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using the keywords rhinophyma, potato nose, phymatous rosacea, diagnosis, and treatment. Literature published between 2020-2025 that met the inclusion criteria was analyzed narratively. The review found that rhinophyma predominantly affects men aged 40–70 years as a late manifestation of chronic rosacea. Its pathogenesis involves chronic inflammation, sebaceous gland hyperplasia, fibroblast proliferation, and dermal fibrosis. Diagnosis is primarily established through clinical history and physical examination, while biopsy is recommended when malignancy is suspected. Current evidence indicates that carbon dioxide (CO2) laser therapy provides favorable cosmetic and functional outcomes with relatively low complication and recurrence rates. Therefore, early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential to prevent permanent nasal deformity and improve patients' quality of life.

Isolasi, Karakterisasi, dan Penetapan Kadar Flavonoid dari Alga Merah (Eucheuma cottonii) menggunakan Teknik Kromatografi dan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis

2026-07-28T10:59:19+00:00

This study aimed to isolate and characterize bioactive compounds from the red algae Eucheuma cottonii using chromatographic techniques. The dried sample was extracted by maceration with 96% ethanol, followed by liquid-liquid fractionation using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate fraction was separated by column chromatography employing seven solvent ratio gradients and monitored using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), followed by preparative TLC and two-dimensional TLC for purity evaluation. The extraction yielded 20.72% crude extract. Column chromatography produced 22 fractions, which were grouped into five categories based on color characteristics: clear, orange, light peach, faint light peach, and clear. TLC analysis showed an Rf value of 0.32, indicating satisfactory separation. Preparative TLC produced a single major band, whereas two-dimensional TLC revealed elongated spots, suggesting that the isolate had not yet reached complete purity. The flavonoid content of the red algae sample, as determined by the UV–Vis spectrophotometric method, was 74.65%. These findings demonstrate that column chromatography is effective as an initial separation method for bioactive compounds from Eucheuma cottonii. However, further optimization of the eluent system is required to obtain compounds with higher purity for subsequent characterization.

Hubungan Durasi Bermain Game Online terhadap Tingkat Emosi dan Interaksi Sosial

2026-07-28T10:59:36+00:00

This study examines the relationship between duration of online game playing and the level of emotion and social interaction among students at SMK Prawira Marta Kartasura. Adolescents in Indonesia show extremely high engagement with online gaming, and a preliminary study found that more than 75% of tenth-grade students played online games for over three hours per day, with reports of drowsiness and tardiness at school. This raised concern about the potential impact of gaming duration on adolescents' emotional stability and social relationships. A quantitative analytic study with a cross-sectional design was used, involving 83 students selected through total sampling. Data were collected using a self-developed online-game-duration questionnaire, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for emotional level, and the Interaction Rating Scale (IRS) for social interaction, then analyzed using Spearman Rank correlation. The results showed that 55.4% of students had a high gaming duration, and there were statistically significant relationships between gaming duration and emotional level (r = 0.323; p = 0.003) and between gaming duration and social interaction (r = 0.221; p = 0.045), both positive but weak in strength. These findings imply that schools, parents, and students need to pay closer attention to managing gaming duration through guidance, counseling, and time-management education to maintain adolescents' psychosocial balance.

Pengaruh Terapi Mindfulness terhadap Kualitas Tidur Mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas YPIB Majalengka

2026-07-28T10:59:30+00:00

Sleep disturbances are commonly experienced by health sciences students due to academic demands and clinical practice, which may adversely affect their sleep quality. Mindfulness therapy has been recognized as a non-pharmacological intervention that promotes present-moment awareness and helps reduce psychological distress before sleep. This study aimed to determine the effect of mindfulness therapy on the sleep quality of students at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas YPIB Majalengka. A quantitative pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted involving 39 students selected through purposive sampling. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. Before the intervention, the mean PSQI score was 9.59, with a standard deviation of 2.59, indicating poor sleep quality among most participants. Following the intervention, the mean PSQI score decreased to 4.81, with a standard deviation of 2.37, indicating an improvement in sleep quality. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores (Z = -5.407; p < 0.001). All 39 participants demonstrated lower PSQI scores after receiving mindfulness therapy. These findings suggest that mindfulness therapy is an effective non-pharmacological intervention for improving sleep quality among health sciences students

Faktor Risiko Usia, Status Ekonomi, dan Paritas terhadap Kejadian Depresi Postpartum pada Ibu Nifas di RSIA Kartini Kota Makassar

2026-07-28T10:59:24+00:00

Postpartum depression is a maternal and child health issue that impacts a mother's psychological well-being, the quality of caregiving, the mother-infant relationship, and family functioning. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between age, economic status, and parity and the incidence of postpartum depression among postpartum mothers at Kartini Maternal and Child Hospital in Makassar City. The study employed a quantitative approach with a descriptive-correlational design and a cross-sectional method. The sample consisted of 75 postpartum mothers selected using total sampling. Data were collected via questionnaires, while postpartum depression was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate methods, specifically the Chi-Square test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that 65.3% of respondents experienced postpartum depression. The majority of respondents were under 20 years of age, had low economic status, and were multiparous. Age was significantly associated with postpartum depression, with the highest proportion of depression observed in mothers under 20. Economic status was also significantly associated; mothers with low economic status exhibited a higher proportion of depression compared to those with high economic status. Parity was likewise significantly associated, with a higher proportion of depression found among multiparous mothers. These findings indicate that postpartum depression is closely linked to demographic, socioeconomic, and reproductive history factors. Consequently, early screening, psychological education, family support, and monitoring of postpartum mothers need to be strengthened within maternal and child hospital services.

Trends in Ischemic Heart Disease in Indonesia from 2019–2023: A Global Burden of Disease-Based Study with Gender Analysis (Male and Female)

2026-07-28T10:59:18+00:00

This study aims to analyze the trends in the prevalence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in Indonesia from 2019 to 2023 based on data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, with a focus on gender differences between males and females. The data used in this study includes detailed prevalence data for IHD based on province and gender. The analysis reveals that the prevalence of IHD is higher in males than in females, with greater fluctuations observed in females, particularly after menopause. Although there are significant differences in the prevalence across several provinces, risk factors such as smoking, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes contribute significantly to the increasing prevalence of this disease. However, the differences in prevalence between provinces and genders are not always statistically significant, indicating that other factors such as access to healthcare, lifestyle, and socio-economic factors also influence the distribution of this disease. This study provides valuable insights for the development of gender-based heart disease prevention policies and introduces more targeted interventions.

Perbandingan Prevalensi dan Kematian Ileus Paralitik dengan Kanker Usus Besar di Indonesia

2026-07-28T10:59:19+00:00

Colorectal cancer and paralytic ileus are significant health concerns worldwide, including in Indonesia, where their prevalence and mortality rates have shown concerning trends. This study aims to compare the prevalence and mortality of paralytic ileus and colorectal cancer in Indonesia using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) for the years 2019, 2021, and 2023. A secondary data analysis was conducted using GBD 2023 data, focusing on prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates for both conditions across 34 provinces in Indonesia. The study employed a time-trend analysis to observe the changes in disease burden over the specified years, along with examining the differences in disease characteristics based on sex, age groups, and regions. Results indicated that colorectal cancer has a higher burden of disease, with significantly higher prevalence and mortality rates compared to paralytic ileus. This highlights the urgent need for enhanced prevention, early detection, and management strategies for colorectal cancer in Indonesia. The findings emphasize the importance of integrated healthcare policies to address both conditions effectively, focusing on regions with the highest disease burden. Further research is recommended to explore the underlying risk factors and to evaluate the effectiveness of current healthcare interventions.

The Impact of GNI per Capita on the Prevalence and Incidence of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders

2026-07-28T10:59:17+00:00

Mental health disorders, particularly depression and anxiety, continue to contribute significantly to the global burden of disease and disability. Socioeconomic inequality, especially differences in Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, is considered an important determinant influencing mental health outcomes across countries and regions. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between GNI per capita and the prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders globally using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023 database. A descriptive ecological study design was employed using secondary data from 187 countries and regions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation analysis, and regional comparative analysis with ANOVA. The findings demonstrated substantial regional disparities in mental health burden and income distribution. Africa showed the highest average prevalence of depression, while Asia exhibited the greatest variability in anxiety disorders. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between depression and income levels (r = -0.213; p = 0.003), indicating that lower-income countries tend to experience higher levels of depression. In contrast, the relationship between anxiety and income was weak and not statistically significant (r = -0.079; p = 0.281), suggesting that anxiety disorders may also be influenced by social, cultural, and structural factors beyond economic conditions. Significant regional differences were also identified for both depression and income levels. These findings highlight the importance of addressing socioeconomic inequalities and strengthening mental health systems, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Integrating mental health services into primary healthcare and implementing multisectoral policies that combine economic development, social protection, and accessible healthcare are essential strategies for reducing the global burden of mental disorders and improving population well-being.

Tren Prevalensi dan YLD Stroke di Indonesia Tahun 2021-2023

2026-07-28T10:59:16+00:00

Stroke is one of the non-communicable diseases that remains a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide, including in Indonesia. The increasing prevalence of stroke and the high number of Years Lived with Disability (YLD) indicate the substantial health burden caused by this disease. This study aimed to analyze the trends in stroke prevalence and YLD in Indonesia during the period 2021–2023 based on data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD). This research employed a quantitative descriptive method with an ecological approach and time-trend analysis. Secondary data were obtained from the GBD Results Tool platform and analyzed using R software version 4.4.1. The analysis was conducted based on geographical regions, particularly across the major islands of Indonesia. The results showed that both stroke prevalence and YLD gradually increased during the 2021–2023 period. Java Island recorded the highest prevalence and YLD compared to other regions, while Maluku and Papua exhibited lower prevalence but greater variation in YLD. The increase in prevalence and YLD was associated with high urbanization, unhealthy lifestyles, hypertension, diabetes, and unequal access to healthcare and rehabilitation services. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated a very strong relationship between stroke prevalence and YLD in each study year (r > 0.99). In addition, significant regional differences were identified in the distribution of stroke prevalence and YLD. This study concludes that the burden of stroke in Indonesia continues to increase and demonstrates regional disparities. Therefore, health policies should focus more on controlling major risk factors, improving equitable access to healthcare services, and strengthening post-stroke rehabilitation programs to reduce disability caused by stroke in Indonesia.

Tren Prevalensi dan Beban Disabilitas (DALY) Skizofrenia di Indonesia Sebelum dan Pasca Pandemi COVID-19

2026-07-28T10:59:16+00:00

Schizophrenia is a severe chronic mental disorder that contributes substantially to the overall disability burden at the population level. This study aimed to analyze trends in the prevalence and disability burden of schizophrenia in Indonesia before and after the COVID-19 pandemic using Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) as the main indicator. This research employed a quantitative observational design with an analytic descriptive approach, utilizing secondary data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database for the period 2020–2023. The analysis included age-standardized estimates of schizophrenia prevalence and DALYs across 34 provinces in Indonesia. Statistical analyses consisted of descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation tests, and paired samples t-tests to assess year-to-year differences. The results demonstrated a small but consistent and statistically significant increase in schizophrenia prevalence throughout the study period. A parallel and significant increase in DALYs was also observed. A very strong correlation between prevalence and DALYs was found across all years, indicating that increases in prevalence were closely associated with higher disability burden. Significant differences in both prevalence and DALYs were identified between the pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic periods, suggesting a sustained impact of the pandemic on schizophrenia burden. In conclusion, schizophrenia remains a persistent public mental health challenge in Indonesia, with an increasing disability burden over time. These findings highlight the need for strengthened mental health policies, improved access to continuous treatment, and expanded psychosocial rehabilitation services to mitigate long-term disability associated with schizophrenia.

Prevalensi Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Akibat Infeksi Menular Seksual (Non-HIV) pada Perempuan Indonesia

2026-07-28T10:59:16+00:00

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an inflammatory syndrome of the female upper genital tract that is primarily caused by non-HIV sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and may lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain if not adequately treated. Epidemiological data on PID at the population level in Indonesia remain very limited. This study aimed to describe the prevalence trend of PID caused by non-HIV STIs among females of all ages in Indonesia during the 2021–2023 period using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023. This descriptive study used secondary data downloaded from the GBD Results Tool (Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation/IHME). The analyzed measure was the prevalence rate (per 100,000 population) among females of all ages in Indonesia, with non-HIV STIs as the cause and PID as the outcome, for the years 2021, 2022, and 2023, accompanied by 95% uncertainty intervals (UI). The prevalence rate of PID caused by non-HIV STIs among Indonesian females was recorded at 7.05 (95% UI 5.40–9.23) per 100,000 population in 2021, remained relatively stable at 7.04 (95% UI 5.35–9.25) per 100,000 in 2022, and then increased to 8.16 (95% UI 5.77–11.13) per 100,000 in 2023—equivalent to an increase of approximately 15.8% compared to the previous year. In conclusion, there was a tendency toward an increasing prevalence of PID caused by non-HIV STIs among Indonesian females in 2023, although the uncertainty intervals of the estimates remained relatively wide, requiring cautious interpretation. These findings indicate the importance of strengthening STI screening and management in primary healthcare facilities (PHCs) as an effort to prevent PID.

Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Pelaksanaan Mobilisasi Dini pada Ibu Post Operasi Sectio Caesarea di Ruang Maternal RS Ben Mari Malang

2026-07-28T10:59:15+00:00

The global increase in Caesarean deliveries has emphasized the importance of early mobilization to reduce postoperative complications, including infection, hemorrhage, and delayed uterine recovery. Despite its clinical benefits, adherence to early mobilization remains limited at Ben Mari Hospital, Malang, due to maternal anxiety and insufficient understanding. This quantitative cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between maternal knowledge, family support, and early mobilization among 30 post-Caesarean mothers selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using Guttman and Likert scale questionnaires, as well as an observation checklist, and analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of α = 0.05. The findings revealed that 53.4% of participants had good knowledge, 93.3% received positive family support, and 60% successfully performed early mobilization. Statistical analysis demonstrated significant associations between maternal knowledge and early mobilization, as well as between family support and early mobilization (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that improving maternal understanding through structured health education and encouraging active family involvement in postoperative care may enhance compliance with early mobilization protocols and contribute to better recovery outcomes following Caesarean delivery.

Perbedaan Mikrobiota Usus pada Penderita Gangguan Kecemasan Umum dan Individu Sehat: Tinjauan Naratif

2026-07-01T18:21:25+00:00

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a mental disorder characterized by excessive and persistent anxiety that impacts an individual's psychological and physiological functioning. In recent years, research has shown a link between gut microbiota and mental health through the gut-brain axis mechanism, a two-way communication system between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system involving neural, immune, endocrine, and microbial metabolite pathways. An imbalance in gut microbiota composition, or dysbiosis, is thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of GAD through altered neurotransmitter production, activation of inflammatory responses, and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. This study aims to examine changes in gut microbiota in individuals with GAD compared to healthy populations and to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying this relationship. The method used was a narrative review, with a literature search in several international scientific databases using relevant keywords related to gut microbiota, gut-brain axis, and generalized anxiety disorder. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed descriptively to identify patterns in research findings. The study results showed that individuals with GAD experienced changes in microbiota composition characterized by an increase in pro-inflammatory bacteria and a decrease in commensal bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids, accompanied by a decrease in microbiota diversity and changes in metabolites related to neurotransmitters and stress hormones. These findings support the role of gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of GAD and suggest the potential for microbiota-modulating therapeutic approaches, such as probiotics or psychobiotics, as additional strategies in the management of anxiety disorders.

Gambaran Hasil Pemeriksaan Tes Cepat Molekuler Mycobacterium Tuberculosis pada Pasien Terduga Tuberkulosis di Kabupaten Sleman

2026-07-28T10:59:05+00:00

Tuberculosis remains one of the major infectious diseases in Indonesia and continues to contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality rates. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential to reduce transmission and improve treatment outcomes. Molecular Rapid Test (MRT) or GeneXpert MTB/RIF has been widely implemented as a diagnostic tool capable of detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance simultaneously within a short time. This study aimed to describe the results of Molecular Rapid Test examinations among presumptive tuberculosis patients at RSUD Prambanan, Sleman Regency. This research used a descriptive observational design with secondary data obtained from TB 04 records and the Tuberculosis Information System (SITB) during January–December 2025. A total of 2,384 samples fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were analyzed descriptively using frequency distribution and percentages. The results showed that most patients belonged to the low-risk category (96.9%), while only 3.1% were classified as high-risk. Most examination results indicated MTB not detected in both groups. Rifampicin-sensitive MTB was identified in 153 patients, whereas rifampicin-resistant MTB was found in only one patient. Positive MTB results were more frequently identified in male patients and adult-to-elderly age groups. The study concludes that most presumptive tuberculosis patients examined using GeneXpert showed MTB not detected results with a very low prevalence of rifampicin resistance. These findings support the importance of maintaining early detection programs and strengthening tuberculosis control strategies in healthcare facilities.

Gangguan Akibat Penggunaan Katinon Sintetis

2026-04-21T02:40:54+00:00

Synthetic cathinones, commonly known as “bath salts,” are novel psychoactive substances derived from cathinone found in the khat plant (Catha edulis). These compounds act as powerful psychostimulants by increasing extracellular concentrations of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Their use is linked to a broad spectrum of clinical conditions, including harmful use, dependence, acute intoxication, and severe substance-induced mental disorders such as delirium, psychosis, and mood disturbances. Clinically, patients often present with sympathomimetic manifestations, including tachycardia, hypertension, and hyperthermia, along with psychiatric symptoms such as agitation, paranoia, and hallucinations. Management is primarily supportive, with benzodiazepines frequently administered for sedation and control of agitation. Early recognition and prompt intervention are essential to prevent complications. The prognosis varies depending on several factors, including the severity of psychiatric comorbidities, level of social support, and the individual’s coping capacity in managing substance-related problems and long-term recovery outcomes.

Hubungan Gaya Hidup dengan Kejadian ISPA pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Langsat

2026-04-20T04:34:23+00:00

Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is a major health problem among under-five children and is influenced by various factors, including family lifestyle. The 2018 Riskesdas reported 1,017,290 ARI cases in Indonesia, while Pekanbaru City recorded 14,309 ARI cases among under-five children in 2024. Data from Langsat Public Health Center showed an increase in ARI cases from 260 cases (2023) to 322 cases (2024). This study aimed to determine the relationship between lifestyle and the incidence of ARI among under-five children in the working area of Langsat Public Health Center. This quantitative study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted from October to November 2025. The population and sample consisted of 62 mothers with under-five children aged 0–<5 years using total sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire assessing handwashing with soap, balanced dietary patterns, and family members’ smoking habits inside the house. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test. The results showed that 50% of under-five children experienced moderate to severe ARI, 62.9% of respondents had a moderate lifestyle, and 45.2% of children were frequently exposed to cigarette smoke at home. Statistical analysis indicated a significant relationship between lifestyle and ARI incidence (p-value = 0.008). In conclusion, family lifestyle plays an important role in ARI occurrence among under-five children. It is recommended that health workers strengthen education on clean and healthy living behaviors, prevent cigarette smoke exposure inside the house, and promote balanced dietary practices to reduce ARI incidence.

Hubungan Ketepatan Pola Peresepan Obat Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dengan Kadar HbA1c di Unit Rawat Jalan RS. Roemani Muhammadiyah Semarang

2026-05-21T03:21:52+00:00

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with an increasing prevalence and a high risk of serious complications due to poor glycemic control. The accuracy of prescription patterns, including appropriate drug selection, dosage, and timing, plays a crucial role in achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the accuracy of prescription patterns and HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the outpatient unit of Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital, Semarang. This study employed a quantitative observational method with a cross-sectional design involving 89 respondents selected using total sampling technique. The results showed that most prescription patterns were appropriate (68.5%), and there was an improvement in HbA1c levels after treatment. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between prescription accuracy and HbA1c levels (p<0.001). These findings indicate that rational and guideline-based prescribing contributes to better glycemic control and reduces the risk of complications. Therefore, improving prescribing practices and patient education is essential to enhance the effectiveness and safety of type 2 diabetes mellitus management.

Pengaruh Karakteristik Penjual terhadap Jumlah Pseudomonas Aeruginosa pada Es Teh Jumbo di Kelurahan Kedungmundu dan Sendangmulyo Kecamatan Tembalang Kota Semarang

2026-04-14T23:59:35+00:00

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogenic bacterium that can contaminate beverages and pose health risks to consumers. This study aimed to determine the influence of seller characteristics on the number of P. aeruginosa found in jumbo iced tea sold in Kedungmundu and Sendangmulyo Subdistricts, Tembalang District, Semarang City. The research used an analytic quantitative method with a cross-sectional design, and bacterial testing was conducted using the Total Plate Count (ALT) method according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) No. 3553 of 2015, with a maximum limit of 0 colonies per 250 ml sample. The results showed that two samples from Sendangmulyo were positive for P. aeruginosa with ALT values of 2×10⁶ CFU/ml (500×10⁶ colonies/250 ml) for sample code SM7 and 12×10⁶ CFU/ml (3000×10⁶ colonies/250 ml) for sample code SM15, exceeding the SNI limit, while all samples from Kedungmundu were negative. Statistical tests showed a significant relationship between age and education level of sellers with the presence of P. aeruginosa. In conclusion, certain seller characteristics influence the level of bacterial contamination in jumbo iced tea.