Antioxidant Activity and Tyrosinas Enzyme Inhibition of Arabica Coffea Leaf Extract (Coffea Arabica L.)

Abstract

Free radicals are one of the main factors causing oxidative stress that accelerates the skin aging process. Natural bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity and the ability to inhibit the tyrosinase enzyme are essential to prevent skin damage and hyperpigmentation. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition of ethanolic extracts of Arabica coffee leaves (Coffea arabica L.). Coffee leaves were extracted using an ultrasonication method with 96% ethanol as a solvent. Phytochemical screening was carried out based on the methods of Harborne. Antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH method at a concentration of 200–800 µg/mL, while the tyrosinase enzyme inhibition test was carried out using L-tyrosine as a substrate with kojic acid as a positive control. The screening results showed that Arabica coffee leaf extract contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and steroids, with flavonoids as the dominant compound. The DPPH test results showed vigorous antioxidant activity with an IC value of₅₀of 2.75 µg/mL. The tyrosinase inhibition test showed a % inhibition value of 83.40 ± 0.20%, approaching the positive control of kojic acid (90.15 ± 0.18%). It can be concluded that Arabica coffee leaf extract has high potential as a natural antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitor, so it has the potential to be developed as an active ingredient in environmentally friendly and sustainable anti-aging.